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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

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While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Visualizing Intracellular SNARE Trafficking by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
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Molecular and cellular constraints on vesicle traffic evolution.

Mukund Thattai1

  • 1Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, India.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|January 7, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The evolution of intracellular vesicle transport requires new protein modules for specificity and recycling routes. Studying vesicle traffic evolution reveals principles for complex trait development.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic intracellular transport relies on vesicle budding and fusion, orchestrated by multi-protein specificity modules.
  • Maintaining cellular homeostasis necessitates efficient recycling of vesicle constituents.
  • Novel vesicle pathways demand the co-evolution of specificity mechanisms and recycling routes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on the constraints governing the evolution of intracellular vesicle transport.
  • To explore local (molecular) and global (cellular) factors influencing the emergence of new vesicle pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on gene module duplication and intracellular recycling.
  • Analysis of evolutionary principles governing vesicle traffic.

Main Results:

  • Local constraints involve molecular mechanisms of gene module duplication for specificity.
  • Global constraints relate to cellular recycling routes essential for compartment homeostasis.
  • The evolution of complex traits may be understood through the step-wise development of vesicle traffic.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the evolution of vesicle traffic provides insights into the emergence of complex cellular traits.
  • Both molecular and cellular constraints play critical roles in shaping intracellular transport systems.
  • Further research into vesicle evolution can uncover general principles applicable to biological complexity.