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Context independent reductions in external processing during self-generated episodic social cognition.

Jaana Simola1, Timo Silander2, Minna Harju2

  • 1Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies (HCAS), University of Helsinki, Fabianinkatu 24 (P.O. Box 4), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Education, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 3A (P.O. Box 9), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Cognitive Brain Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5A (P.O. Box 9), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|January 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Ongoing cognition, like off-task thought, reduces brain responses (P3 amplitude) regardless of task demands. This suggests a general mechanism for self-generated thoughts independent of external attention.

Keywords:
Attentional decouplingElectroencephalography (EEG)Event-related potential (ERP)Experience samplingMind wandering

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Ongoing cognition supports behavioral flexibility by influencing present actions and future planning.
  • Cognitive modes are hypothesized to correlate with brain activity and external input, with reduced evoked responses during task-unrelated thought.
  • The impact of task environment on these reduced evoked responses remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if reduced evoked brain responses change based on the task environment.
  • To explore the electrophysiological correlates of ongoing thought in varying task contexts.
  • To determine if the parietal P3 event-related potential is a general marker of external task-related content.

Main Methods:

  • Combined electroencephalography (EEG) recording with multidimensional experience sampling (MDES).
  • Assessed electrophysiological correlates of ongoing thought in tasks with differing demands for continuous information representation.
  • Focused on the parietal P3 event-related potential, known to increase with external attention.

Main Results:

  • Principal component analysis (PCA) identified four thought patterns: off-task social cognition, deliberate on-task thought, imagery, and emotion.
  • Off-task social cognition and imagery were more frequent in low-demand tasks; deliberate on-task thought increased in high-demand tasks.
  • Off-task social cognition consistently reduced P3 amplitude, irrespective of the external task context.

Conclusions:

  • The amplitude of the parietal P3 may serve as a general indicator of external task-related content.
  • Attentional decoupling from sensory inputs appears necessary for perceptually-decoupled, self-generated thoughts.
  • These findings shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying spontaneous thought and its relationship with external task engagement.