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Related Concept Videos

Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several...
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
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Regulation of Sodium and Potassium01:26

Regulation of Sodium and Potassium

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The regulation of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in the human body is a complex process governed primarily by hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Ion Channels in Cancer: Characterization and Potential Treatment Approaches
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Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel NaV1.5 Controls NHE-1-Dependent Invasive Properties in Colon Cancer Cells.

Osbaldo Lopez-Charcas1, Lucile Poisson1, Oumnia Benouna1

  • 1EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France.

Cancers
|January 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis is linked to overexpressed sodium channels (NaV) and proton pumps (NHE). Targeting NaV1.5 and NHE-1 shows promise in reducing CRC cell invasion and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
NaV channelscell invasivenesscolon cancerproton effluxsmall-molecule inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death, with metastasis significantly reducing survival rates.
  • Overexpression of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) and sodium-hydrogen exchangers (NHE) is implicated in cancer progression and invasiveness.
  • Specifically, NaV channels and NHE are linked to extracellular matrix degradation and enhanced cell motility in various carcinomas, including CRC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and functional role of NaV channels (specifically NaV1.5) and NHE (specifically NHE-1) in colorectal cancer progression.
  • To evaluate the potential of targeting NaV1.5 and NHE-1 as therapeutic strategies against CRC metastasis.
  • To correlate the expression of these proteins with clinical parameters such as cancer stage and patient survival.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed expression levels of NaV α-subunits and NHE exchangers in tumor and non-malignant tissues from CRC patients, CRC cell lines, and primary tumor cells.
  • Utilized tumor explant methodologies to characterize the functional activity of NaV1.5 channels in CRC cells.
  • Investigated the effect of small-molecule NaV1.5 inhibitors and gene silencing of SCN5A (NaV1.5) and SLC9A1 (NHE-1) on cancer cell invasiveness.

Main Results:

  • SCN5A (encoding NaV1.5) was overexpressed in CRC tissues and correlated positively with advanced cancer stage and poorer patient survival.
  • Anatomical differential expression of SCN5A and SLC9A1 (encoding NHE-1) was observed, particularly in tumors from the sigmoid colon.
  • Functional studies confirmed NaV1.5 channel activity in CRC cells, and both NaV1.5 inhibition and silencing of SCN5A/SLC9A1 significantly reduced cancer cell invasion.

Conclusions:

  • NaV1.5 and NHE-1 are significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer and are associated with metastatic progression.
  • Targeting NaV1.5 and NHE-1, through pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing, effectively reduces the invasive capabilities of CRC cells.
  • NaV1.5 and NHE-1 represent promising therapeutic targets for combating metastatic colorectal cancer.