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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

6.7K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments
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Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments

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Engineering the Tumor Immune Microenvironment through Minimally Invasive Interventions.

Koustav Pal1, Rahul A Sheth1

  • 1Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Cancers
|January 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Interventional radiologists are revolutionizing cancer treatment by using image-guided techniques to deliver therapies directly to the tumor microenvironment (TME). This approach enhances anti-tumor responses and minimizes systemic toxicity, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
CAR-T cell therapyimmunoengineeringimmunomodulationinterventional oncologyinterventional radiologylocoregional therapytumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) presents significant physical, biochemical, and immune barriers to effective anti-cancer therapies.
  • Systemic delivery of cancer treatments often results in limited local efficacy, systemic toxicity, and tumor resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in immuno-engineering and interventional radiology for modulating the immunosuppressive TME.
  • To highlight minimally invasive techniques for local tumor destruction and enhanced anti-tumor immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing image-guided techniques for local delivery of therapies, including intratumoral drug delivery, nanorobots, nanoparticles, and implantable microdevices.
  • Employing physical therapies like photodynamic therapy, electroporation, hyperthermia, hypothermia, ultrasound, histotripsy, and radiotherapy.
  • Investigating locoregional CAR-T therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors for TME modulation.

Main Results:

  • Local delivery of therapies effectively modulates the immunosuppressive TME, accelerating tumor death.
  • Minimally invasive techniques enhance local anti-tumor responses and can induce systemic abscopal effects.
  • Combination therapies, such as locoregional CAR-T with immune checkpoint inhibitors, show promise in overcoming TME barriers.

Conclusions:

  • Interventional radiology offers minimally invasive strategies to overcome TME barriers and improve cancer therapy efficacy.
  • Immuno-engineering combined with local delivery represents a paradigm shift in oncology, enhancing anti-tumor immunity and patient outcomes.