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Physiological and Psychological Responses of Viewing a Waterfall Image: A Crossover Study
Hyunju Jo1, Harumi Ikei1, Yoshifumi Miyazaki1
1Center for Environment, Health, and Field Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa 277-0882, Chiba, Japan.
Viewing waterfall images activates sympathetic nervous activity and improves mood, offering a natural relaxation effect. This study scientifically verifies nature
Area of Science:
- Environmental psychology
- Human physiology
- Nature therapy
Background:
- Increasing interest in nature's relaxation effects necessitates scientific validation.
- Previous research suggests nature exposure positively impacts well-being.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate physiological and psychological responses to viewing waterfall images compared to urban images.
- To scientifically verify the relaxation effects of natural elements.
Main Methods:
- 27 females viewed waterfall and urban images on a high-resolution display for 90 seconds.
- Physiological responses measured included heart rate variability (HRV) and prefrontal cortex oxyhemoglobin concentration using near-infrared spectroscopy.
- Psychological responses assessed using the modified semantic differential method and the Profile of Mood States Second Edition.
Main Results:
- Waterfall image viewing increased sympathetic nervous activity (assessed via LF/[LF+HF] ratio in HRV).
- Participants reported comfortable, relaxed, and natural impressions when viewing waterfalls.
- Viewing waterfall images led to improved mood states.
Conclusions:
- Visual contact with waterfall images physiologically activates sympathetic nervous activity.
- Nature imagery, specifically waterfalls, psychologically evokes positive moods and feelings.
- This study provides scientific evidence for the restorative effects of nature viewing.
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