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Related Concept Videos

Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Author Spotlight: THP-1 Macrophage Response to LPS/ATP — Unveiling the Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis Spectrum
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Author Spotlight: THP-1 Macrophage Response to LPS/ATP — Unveiling the Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis Spectrum

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Resolution Potential of Necrotic Cell Death Pathways.

Anett Mázló1, Yidan Tang1, Viktória Jenei1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Necrotic cell death, not just apoptosis, releases factors that can resolve inflammation. This review explores how regulated necrotic cell death contributes to tissue repair and resolution, a process termed necroresolution.

Keywords:
SPMcell deathinflamamtionnecrosisresolution

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Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Tissue damage from infection or sterile inflammation activates damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and resolution-associated molecular patterns (RAMPs).
  • These factors stimulate local immune cells, producing inflammatory or specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs).
  • Apoptotic cell death is currently viewed as the primary initiator of inflammation resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between necrotic cell death and inflammation resolution.
  • To present current data on the role of regulated necrotic cell death in necroresolution.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific data.
  • Analysis of the role of regulated necrotic cell death in necroresolution.

Main Results:

  • Necrotic cell death may release more RAMPs than apoptosis, similar to DAMPs.
  • Regulated necrotic cell death modalities (pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, netosis, parthanatos) are well-studied in necroinflammation but less in resolution.
  • Emerging data suggests a role for regulated necrotic cell death in promoting resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Regulated necrotic cell death, beyond apoptosis, is a significant factor in initiating inflammation resolution.
  • Further research into necroresolution is crucial for understanding tissue repair mechanisms.