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Updated: Aug 15, 2025

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography HRIT for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

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Cold Stress Response Mechanisms in Anther Development.

Borong Huang¹, Yubo Fan¹, Lijiao Cui¹

¹Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|January 8, 2023

Summary

Cold stress disrupts plant reproductive development, particularly pollen viability, by affecting tapetal cells and hormone balance. Understanding these molecular mechanisms aids in breeding cold-tolerant crops.

Keywords:

anther development cold stress phytohormone sugar metabolism tapetum

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Area of Science:

Plant reproductive biology
Abiotic stress physiology
Molecular genetics

Background:

Plants face environmental stresses like cold, impacting growth and reproduction.
Reproductive stages, especially meiosis and pollen development, are highly sensitive to low temperatures.
Cold stress disrupts tapetal programmed cell death (PCD), leading to male sterility.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the physiological and metabolic effects of cold stress on male reproductive development.
To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of cold-induced anther and pollen dysfunction.
To provide insights for developing cold-tolerant crops.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on plant responses to cold stress.
Analysis of molecular and physiological data related to anther development under low temperatures.
Focus on phytohormone and sugar metabolism pathways.

Main Results:

Cold stress impairs meiosis, tapetal PCD, pollen viability, and fertilization.
Tapetal dysfunction due to cold is a primary cause of pollen sterility, blocking nutrient supply.
Cold exposure alters anther hormone homeostasis, increasing abscisic acid (ABA) and decreasing gibberellic acid (GA), and affects sugar transport.

Conclusions:

Plants employ mechanisms involving phytohormone regulation and sugar metabolism to mitigate cold stress damage.
Understanding cold stress responses in anther development is crucial for improving crop resilience and yield.
This knowledge can guide breeding strategies for enhanced cold tolerance in agriculture.