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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
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MicroRNAs in T Cell-Immunotherapy.

Sara G Dosil1,2,3, Ana Rodríguez-Galán1,2,3, Francisco Sánchez-Madrid1,2,3,4

  • 1Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene regulators with therapeutic potential. This review covers their use in T-cell immunotherapy, delivery methods, and clinical progress for RNA interference technologies.

Keywords:
T cell immunotherapyantagomiRNAs (antagomiRs)immunotherapymiRNA deliverymicroRNAs (miRNAs)nanomedicinenanoparticles (NPs)

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression, impacting both normal physiological processes (homeostasis) and disease states.
  • While pre-clinical studies show promise for miRNA-based therapies, clinical translation faces challenges.
  • Restoring or modulating miRNA levels is a key area of therapeutic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of microRNAs as immunotherapeutic agents targeting T-cells.
  • To provide an overview of advancements in miRNA delivery systems.
  • To discuss ongoing clinical trials and future directions in RNA interference technologies for immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pre-clinical and clinical studies on microRNAs in T-cell immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of recent developments in miRNA delivery strategies.
  • Examination of clinical trial data and future prospects in RNA interference.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs demonstrate significant potential as T-cell targeting immunotherapeutic tools.
  • Various novel delivery strategies are being developed to enhance miRNA efficacy and safety.
  • Several clinical trials are underway, indicating progress towards clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs hold promise for developing novel T-cell-based immunotherapies.
  • Overcoming delivery challenges is critical for successful clinical translation.
  • Continued research in RNA interference technologies will drive future therapeutic advancements.