High-Affinity Antibodies Designing of SARS-CoV-2 Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations

SARS-CoV-2 has led to a global pandemic of new crown pneumonia, which has had a tremendous impact on human society. Antibody drug therapy is one of the most effective way of combating SARS-CoV-2. In order to design potential antibody drugs with high affinity, we used antibody S309 from patients with SARS-CoV as the target antibody and RBD of S protein as the target antigen. Systems with RBD glycosylated and non-glycosylated were constructed to study the influence of glycosylation. From the results of molecular dynamics simulations, the steric effects of glycans on the surface of RBD plays a role of "wedge", which makes the L335-E340 region of RBD close to the CDR3 region of the heavy chain of antibody and increases the contact area between antigen and antibody. By mutating the key residues of antibody at the interaction interface, we found that the binding affinities of antibody mutants G103A, P28W and Y100W were all stronger than that of the wild-type, especially for the G103A mutant. G103A significantly reduces the distance between the binding region of L335-K356 in the antigen and P28-Y32 of heavy chain in the antibody through structural transition. Taken together, the antibody design method described in this work can provide theoretical guidance and a time-saving method for antibody drug design.