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The Potential Role of Regulated Cell Death in Dry Eye Diseases and Ocular Surface Dysfunction
Camilla Scarpellini1, Alba Ramos Llorca1, Caroline Lanthier1
1Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2160 Antwerp, Belgium.
Abstract:
The research on new treatments for dry eye diseases (DED) has exponentially grown over the past decades. The increased prevalence of dry eye conditions, particularly in the younger population, has received much attention. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify novel therapeutical targets. Regulated cell death (RCD) is an essential process to control the biological homeostasis of tissues and organisms. The identification of different mechanisms of RCD stimulated the research on their involvement in different human pathologies. Whereas apoptosis has been widely studied in DED and included in the DED vicious cycle, the role of RCD still needs to be completely elucidated. In this review, we will explore the potential roles of different types of RCD in DED and ocular surface dysfunction. Starting from the evidence of oxidative stress and inflammation in dry eye pathology, we will analyse the potential therapeutic applications of the following principal RCD mechanisms: ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis.
Insights
New research explores regulated cell death (RCD) mechanisms like ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis as novel therapeutic targets for dry eye disease (DED). Understanding these pathways could lead to better treatments for this growing condition.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Cell Biology
- Pathology
Background:
- Dry eye disease (DED) prevalence is increasing, especially in younger populations, necessitating novel therapeutic targets.
- Regulated cell death (RCD) is crucial for tissue homeostasis, with various mechanisms implicated in human pathologies.
- While apoptosis is studied in DED, other RCD types require further elucidation in ocular surface dysfunction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the potential roles of different regulated cell death (RCD) mechanisms in dry eye disease (DED).
- To explore novel therapeutic targets for DED based on RCD pathways.
- To analyze the therapeutic applications of ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in DED.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on RCD mechanisms in DED.
- Analysis of existing evidence on oxidative stress and inflammation in DED.
- Exploration of ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in the context of ocular surface disease.
Main Results:
- Oxidative stress and inflammation are key features of dry eye pathology.
- Ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis represent potential therapeutic avenues for DED.
- Further research is needed to fully understand the role of RCD in DED pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Regulated cell death (RCD) pathways beyond apoptosis hold significant promise for DED treatment.
- Targeting RCD mechanisms could offer innovative therapeutic strategies for dry eye disease.
- Elucidating the specific roles of ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis is critical for advancing DED therapy.
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