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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

Published on: May 20, 2019

Mid-Term Results following Traumatic Knee Joint Dislocation.

Julius Watrinet¹, Christian von Rüden^1,2, Stephan Regenbogen¹

¹Department Trauma Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, 82418 Murnau, Germany.

Journal of Clinical Medicine

|January 8, 2023

Summary

Midterm outcomes for acute knee dislocations show no significant difference between one-stage and two-stage surgical approaches. However, obesity and external fixation are linked to worse results and complications.

Keywords:

ACL PCL arthrofibrosis external fixation knee knee dislocation

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Trauma Care
Sports Medicine

Background:

Knee joint dislocations are severe injuries with evolving treatment strategies.
Optimal surgical timing and methods for knee dislocations remain debated.
Early one-stage treatment concepts aim for improved functional results.

Purpose of the Study:

Evaluate midterm functional outcomes after traumatic knee joint dislocation.
Determine the influence of surgical management on outcomes.
Assess the impact of patient factors (habitus) and concomitant injuries.

Main Methods:

Retrospective single-center study of 38 patients with acute Schenck type II-IV knee dislocations.
Treatment over an eight-year period in a level I trauma center.
Midterm evaluation using IKDC, Lysholm Score, and Tegner Activity Scale.

Main Results:

No significant difference in outcomes between one-stage and two-stage treatment approaches.
Obesity associated with increased complications and poorer functional outcomes.
External fixation linked to higher rates of arthrofibrosis and stiffness.

Conclusions:

Knee dislocation leads to prolonged functional loss and pain.
Concomitant injuries significantly influence clinical outcomes.
Obesity and initial external fixation pose challenges for rehabilitation and function.