Causal Relationships of General and Abdominal Adiposity on Osteoarthritis: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Background: Adiposity is closely related to osteoarthritis, but the causal effects of different types of adiposity on osteoarthritis are indistinct. This study conducted a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis for the causal effects of general adiposity and abdominal adiposity on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and hip osteoarthritis (HOA). Methods: The general adiposity was assessed by body mass index (BMI), while the abdominal adiposity was evaluated with waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The data used in this two-sample MR analysis originated from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Significant (p < 5 × 10−8) and independent (r2 < 0.01) single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected as instrumental variables for the MR analysis. Subsequently, this study used the inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and other methods for the causal inference, and the results were presented as odds ratios (OR). Moreover, sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the stability and reliability of the results. Results: The MR results revealed positive causal effects of BMI on KOA (OR: 1.694; 95% CI: from 1.492 to 1.923; p = 3.96 × 10−16) and HOA (OR: 1.412; 95% CI: from 1.196 to 1.666; p = 4.58 × 10−5). Additionally, WC and HC both positively and causally related to KOA (WC: OR: 1.827; 95% CI: from 1.564 to 2.134; p = 2.68 × 10−14; HC: OR: 1.610; 95% CI: from 1.357 to 1.912; p = 5.03 × 10−8) and HOA (WC: OR: 1.491; 95% CI: from 1.254 to 1.772; p = 5.85 × 10−6; HC: OR: 1.439; 95% CI: from 1.205 to 1.719; p = 5.82 × 10−5). However, no causal relationship existed between WHR and obesity. These results were robust according to the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: This study indicated that both general and abdominal obesity had positive causal effects on knee osteoarthritis and hip osteoarthritis.