High Level of Blood Eosinophils and Localization of Bronchiectasis in Patients with Severe Asthma: A Pilot Study

Background. Severe asthma and bronchiectasis are heterogeneous diseases that frequently coexist. The location of bronchiectasis is generally determined by specific underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine whether in a population suffering from both severe asthma and bronchiectasis there was a correlation between eosinophilic inflammation and localization of bronchiectasis. Methods. We enrolled 41 patients with coexisting bronchiectasis from eight different severe asthma center outpatient clinics and collected the following data: baseline characteristics, Asthma Control Test, Asthma Control Questionnaire, IgE level, blood count, high-resolution computed tomography and bronchiectasis-related parameters, skin prick test, FeNO50 and flow-volume spirometry. The study was retrospectively registered. Results. The presence of eosinophils > 1000 cells/μL was related to distribution of lower pulmonary bronchiectasis (9.1% upper lobes vs. 53.3% lower lobes, p = 0.014). Indeed, the presence of eosinophilic counts > 1000 increased the probability of lower localization of bronchiectasis compared to upper lobes (ODD 0.088 (0.010−0.772), p = 0.028). Conclusions. An increase in blood eosinophils > 1000 cells/μL seems to be associated with lower preferential localization of bronchiectasis with sparing of the upper lung lobes. This could represent a new potential radiological phenotype that could have a dedicated therapeutic strategy in the future.