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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of chloride ions with silver nitrate, the precipitation titration curve is divided into three regions: before, at, and after the equivalence point. Before the equivalence point, low redissolution of the sparingly soluble silver chloride precipitate gives a low silver ion concentration. However, in the second region, representing the equivalence point,...
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A Turbidity-Compensation Method for Nitrate Measurement Based on Ultraviolet Difference Spectroscopy.

Jing Dong1,2, Junwu Tang1,3,4, Guojun Wu1,3

  • 1Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a turbidity-compensation method to improve nitrate detection accuracy in water. The technique uses ultraviolet difference spectra to correct turbidity effects, significantly reducing prediction errors.

Keywords:
difference spectrumnitratepartial least squaresturbidity compensationultraviolet spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Turbidity significantly impacts nitrate detection accuracy in water analysis.
  • Existing methods struggle to compensate for turbidity-induced spectral interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a turbidity-compensation method for accurate nitrate measurement in water.
  • To improve nitrate detection accuracy by addressing spectral interference from turbidity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ultraviolet difference spectra to analyze turbidity effects on nitrate absorption.
  • Employed residual sum of squares (RSS) and interval partial least squares (iPLS) for optimal wavelength selection (230-240 nm).
  • Established a turbidity-compensation model via linear fitting and applied partial least squares (PLS) for nitrate concentration prediction.

Main Results:

  • Identified that turbidity's effect on absorbance varies with nitrate concentration and wavelength.
  • The proposed method reduced the average relative error in nitrate predictions from 50.33% to 1.33%.
  • Successfully extracted nitrate absorption spectra by compensating for turbidity-induced deviations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed turbidity-compensation method effectively corrects spectral deviations caused by turbidity.
  • This approach significantly enhances the accuracy of nitrate concentration predictions in water samples.
  • The method offers a robust solution for reliable water quality monitoring.