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Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants Receiving a Multicomponent vs. a Soybean-Based Lipid Emulsion: 24

Francesca Gallini1,2, Maria Sofia Pelosi1, Domenico Umberto De Rose3

  • 1Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Nutrients
|January 8, 2023
PubMed

Insights

A multicomponent lipid emulsion (LE) did not significantly impact neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants at 24 months corrected age compared to soybean-based LE. This study followed infants who received parenteral nutrition (PN).

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Limited research exists on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes comparing multicomponent versus soybean-based lipid emulsions (LE) in preterm infants on parenteral nutrition (PN).
  • Previous findings indicated improved head circumference growth in preterm infants receiving multicomponent LE during hospitalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the 24-month corrected age neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants who received either a multicomponent LE (SMOFlipid®) or a soybean-based LE (Intralipid®) as part of their parenteral nutrition.
  • To determine if the type of lipid emulsion impacts long-term neurodevelopmental trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • A 24-month follow-up study of preterm infants previously enrolled in a randomized trial.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 24 months corrected age (CA) in infants who received either SMOFlipid® or Intralipid®.
  • Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, outcomes were evaluated in 77 of the 93 eligible children.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in major disability rates between the multicomponent LE group (37 infants) and the soybean-based LE group (40 infants).
  • Griffith's evaluation scores also showed no significant differences between the two lipid emulsion groups.
  • Seventy-seven children completed the neurodevelopmental assessment at 24 months CA.

Conclusions:

  • The administration of a multicomponent LE, including fish oil, did not demonstrate significant effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months corrected age in preterm infants when compared to a soybean-based LE.
  • Findings suggest that while initial growth may differ, long-term neurodevelopmental trajectories are not significantly altered by the type of LE used in this cohort.
  • Further research may be warranted to explore other potential long-term effects or specific subgroups of preterm infants.
Abstract

Keywords:
Griffith’s Mental Development ScalesIntralipidSMOFlipidmulticomponent lipid emulsionneonatal outcomeparenteral nutritionpreterm infantsvery-low-birth-weight infants

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