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Related Concept Videos

Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale01:22

Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale

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The definition of temperature in terms of molecular motion suggests that there should be a lowest possible temperature, where the average kinetic energy of molecules is zero (or the minimum allowed by quantum mechanics). Experiments confirm the existence of such a temperature, called absolute zero. An absolute temperature scale is one whose zero point is absolute zero. Such scales are convenient in science because several physical quantities, such as the volume of an ideal gas, are directly...
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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
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Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature...
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Resistive-Based Micro-Kelvin Temperature Resolution for Ultra-Stable Space Experiments.

David Roma-Dollase1,2, Vivek Gualani1,2, Martin Gohlke3

  • 1Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE,CSIC), Campus Universitat d'Autonoma de Barcelona, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.

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We developed a high-precision temperature measurement system for space-borne gravitational wave detectors. This system achieves microkelvin (μK) precision, crucial for sensitive physics experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Experimental Physics
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • High-precision temperature measurements are critical for numerous physical experiments.
  • Space-borne gravitational wave detectors demand exceptional temperature measurement precision and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel design for high-precision temperature measurement.
  • To achieve 1 μK/Hz precision down to 1 mHz and 20 μK/Hz at 0.1 mHz.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing resistive sensors in an AC-modulated Wheatstone bridge configuration.
  • Minimizing 1/f noise through AC modulation.
  • Designing and implementing a stable environment test bench for measurements.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a temperature measurement system capable of reaching 1 μK/Hz in the mHz band.
  • Achieved 20 μK/Hz precision at 0.1 mHz.
  • Characterized the performance of the test bench and the readout system.

Conclusions:

  • The presented design meets the stringent requirements for space-borne gravitational wave detectors.
  • The AC-modulated Wheatstone bridge scheme effectively reduces noise.
  • Further analysis of noise sources is necessary for ultimate performance limits.