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Updated: Aug 15, 2025

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
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New Child and Adolescent Memory Profile Embedded Performance Validity Test.

Brian L Brooks1,2,3, Taryn B Fay-McClymont1,3,4,5, William S MacAllister1,3,4

  • 1Neurosciences Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta T3B 6A8, Canada.

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
|January 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study found the original Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP) Validity Indicator (VI) insensitive for pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). A new ChAMP VI-sum of scaled scores (VI-SS) cutoff demonstrated improved sensitivity and specificity for detecting invalid performance.

Keywords:
ChildrenEffortMalingeringMemoryValidity testYouth

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Performance validity tests (PVTs) are crucial for interpreting neuropsychological assessments.
  • Established PVTs with strong psychometrics are essential for accurate clinical interpretation.
  • The Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP) Validity Indicator (VI) requires evaluation in clinical pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the psychometric properties of the ChAMP Validity Indicator (VI) in a pediatric sample with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the existing ChAMP VI cutoff score.
  • To establish a new, optimized cutoff score for the ChAMP VI if necessary.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study of 110 youth (mean age 15.1 years) with TBI.
  • Participants completed the ChAMP and two independent PVTs to establish performance validity criteria.
  • Classification statistics, including sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC), were used to evaluate the ChAMP VI.

Main Results:

  • The original ChAMP VI cutoff showed high specificity (1.0) but very low sensitivity (.07) in the pediatric TBI sample.
  • A new ChAMP VI cutoff score based on the sum of scaled scores (VI-SS) was developed using AUC analysis (0.94).
  • The proposed ChAMP VI-SS cutoff (≤32) achieved strong sensitivity (86%) and specificity (92%), with a negative predictive value of 97%.

Conclusions:

  • The original ChAMP VI is not sufficiently sensitive for detecting invalid performance in pediatric TBI.
  • A revised ChAMP VI-SS cutoff demonstrates superior classification metrics compared to other embedded PVTs in pediatric populations.
  • The ChAMP VI-SS offers a promising tool for enhancing the validity of neuropsychological assessments in youth with TBI.