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Psychological interventions decrease unintended pregnancies: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Le'Sa Tai'Mua Swain¹, John M Malouff¹, Jai Meynadier¹

¹University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.

British Journal of Health Psychology

|January 8, 2023

Summary

Psychological interventions effectively reduce unintended pregnancies by improving contraceptive use. However, the effectiveness of these mental health strategies diminishes with longer follow-up periods.

Keywords:

contraception efficacy interventions meta-analysis pregnancy prevention psychological randomized controlled trials

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Psychology
Public Health

Background:

Unintended pregnancies persist despite advancements in contraception.
Psychological interventions, drawing from theories like social cognitive theory, aim to enhance contraceptive adherence.
Existing research on these interventions yields mixed results.

Approach:

A meta-analysis synthesized data from 26 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 31,222 participants.
The study systematically searched databases and reference lists to identify relevant RCTs.
Interventions focused on increasing the use of contraceptive methods to prevent unintended pregnancies.

Key Points:

The meta-analysis revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.83 (95% CI [.75, .93]) for pregnancy in the psychological intervention group.
A significant inverse relationship was observed between intervention follow-up duration and pregnancy prevention effect.
Study quality was generally good, with most trials reporting manual use, attrition, reasons for dropout, and adherence.

Conclusions:

Psychological interventions demonstrate efficacy in preventing unintended pregnancies through enhanced contraceptive use.
The effectiveness of these interventions is moderated by the follow-up duration.
Further research may explore optimizing intervention strategies for sustained impact.