Physical therapy students' perceptions for working with persons with mental illness in the USA

Physical therapists provide important services for improving health and function for the general population; however, physical therapy (PT) is infrequently accessed by persons with a primary diagnosis of severe mental illness (SMI). This study examined the attitudes of PT students before and during their participation in a service-learning (SL) program for people with SMI.

A cross-sectional institutional review board approved qualitative study collected 1-h semi-structured qualitative interviews from seven graduates of a doctor of PT program. Participants were from a New Jersey University program in the USA who participated in an SMI SL experience. Participants were asked about participant attitudes toward people with SMI and their observations during a SL experience using an interview guide. All interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and coded using interpretive phenomenological analysis by a team of researchers. This type of qualitative analysis aims to explore participants understanding of their experience without pre-conceived theoretical direction. Recordings, transcripts, and field notes were reviewed for recurring ideas that were summarized into codes. Through independent coding, reflexivity memos, and consensus meetings, data were further analyzed to identify themes. Investigator triangulation addressed differences and aided consensus development.

Before the SL experience, the students reported negative perceptions about people with SMI and feelings of uncertainty and unpreparedness to work with this population. According to student reports, SL supported their personal and professional development and allowed them to see that PT services are beneficial for people with SMI.

The results of this study indicate that PT students have negative attitudes of people with SMI and feel unprepared to work with this population. The results also support SL as an effective strategy for helping students in their preparation for working with people with SMI.