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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

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Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle
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How can aging be reversed? Exploring rejuvenation from a damage-based perspective.

Bohan Zhang1, Vadim N Gladyshev1

  • 1Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA.

Advanced Genetics (Hoboken, N.J.)
|January 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Biological aging causes functional decline, but cellular reprogramming can reverse this. Rejuvenation involves distinct processes of age reversal and stem cell differentiation, offering new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
agingbiomarkers of agingpartial reprogrammingregenerationrejuvenation

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Aging is characterized by accumulated cellular damage and systemic functional decline, leading to reduced adaptability.
  • This age-related decline is widely considered an inevitable biological process across species.
  • Recent advances in cellular reprogramming show potential for rejuvenating aged cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the distinct mechanisms of biological age reversal and stem cell differentiation during rejuvenation.
  • To propose a stemness-function model explaining rejuvenation processes.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies for cellular rejuvenation in vitro and in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro and in vivo reprogramming strategies.
  • Analysis of theoretical considerations regarding cellular aging and rejuvenation.
  • Development of a stemness-function model.

Main Results:

  • Cellular reprogramming can reverse biological age, demonstrating that aging is not entirely inevitable.
  • Rejuvenation encompasses two distinct processes: reversing cellular age and dedifferentiating cells into stem cells.
  • These distinct processes suggest separate, targeted therapeutic approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular rejuvenation is achievable through reprogramming, challenging the inevitability of aging.
  • Understanding the distinct mechanisms of age reversal and stemness allows for targeted interventions.
  • This research opens avenues for novel therapies to combat age-related decline.