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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Policy

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated strict population confinement measures in Spain starting March 14, 2020.
  • The government aimed to safely lift these restrictions while managing the epidemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the phased process of lifting COVID-19 mitigation measures in Spain.
  • To analyze the impact of these measures on public health indicators and response capacities.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of the "Plan for the Transition to a New Normality" with four progressive phases.
  • Establishment of a bilateral decision mechanism between the central government and autonomous communities (AC).
  • Utilized qualitative and quantitative indicators to guide decisions based on epidemiological status and healthcare capacity.

Main Results:

  • The transition process occurred from May 4 to June 21, 2020.
  • Key indicators improved: 7-day incidence decreased, PCR testing capacity and positivity rate saw significant positive changes, and contact tracing reached 100% in many areas.
  • Autonomous communities actively reinforced core public health capacities.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic data monitoring and interterritorial collaboration were vital for controlling the lifting of measures.
  • The process significantly strengthened national public health response capacities.
  • Sustained reinforcement of these capacities is essential for managing future epidemic waves.