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Recent progress of microfluidic chips in immunoassay.

Kaimin Wu1, Xuliang He2, Jinglei Wang1

  • 1Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|January 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Microfluidic chips offer fast, efficient, and low-cost sample analysis with minimal reagent use. This technology review covers their applications in immunoassays and future potential in point-of-care diagnostics.

Keywords:
chemiluminescenceelectrochemistryfluorescenceimmunoassaymicrofluidic chipsurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Microfluidic chip technology integrates sample processing, separation, reaction, and detection onto a microchannel chip.
  • This platform offers advantages such as reduced sample/reagent volume, rapid analysis, cost-effectiveness, automation, portability, high throughput, and compatibility with other techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental concepts, materials, and fabrication technologies of microfluidic chips.
  • To explore the diverse applications of microfluidic chips in various immunoassay formats.
  • To discuss future trends and challenges in microfluidic chip development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microfluidic chip technology and its applications.
  • Detailed description of microfluidic chip design, material selection, and fabrication processes.
  • Categorization and analysis of immunoassay techniques utilizing microfluidic platforms, including fluorescent, chemiluminescent, SERS, and electrochemical methods.

Main Results:

  • Microfluidic chips enable efficient and sensitive immunoassays through integrated microchannel systems.
  • Various detection methods like fluorescence, chemiluminescence, SERS, and electrochemistry are effectively implemented on microfluidic platforms.
  • The technology demonstrates significant potential for point-of-care testing and high-throughput screening.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic chips represent a versatile platform for advanced analytical applications, particularly in immunoassays.
  • Future development should focus on point-of-care applications and high-throughput systems.
  • Challenges remain in optimizing chip design, integration, and real-world sample analysis.