Interplay between swine enteric coronaviruses and host innate immune

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Virology
• Molecular Pathogenesis
• Immunology

Background:

• Swine enteric coronaviruses (SeCoVs) cause significant economic losses in pig farming worldwide.
• Key SeCoV members include TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV, often co-infecting swine populations.
• Porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) exhibits a broad host range, raising zoonotic and public health concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the molecular mechanisms by which SeCoV viral proteins influence host cell processes.
• To elucidate the impact of SeCoV infections on apoptosis, autophagy, and innate immune responses in swine.
• To provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of SeCoV.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating SeCoV-host interactions.
• Analysis of research focusing on viral protein functions related to host cellular pathways.
• Synthesis of findings on apoptosis, autophagy, and innate immunity modulation by SeCoV.

Main Results:

• SeCoV viral proteins actively manipulate host cell apoptosis and autophagy pathways.
• Innate immune responses are significantly modulated by SeCoV infection, contributing to viral persistence and disease severity.
• Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing effective control strategies.

Conclusions:

• SeCoV pathogenesis is intricately linked to its ability to subvert host cellular machinery, including apoptosis and autophagy.
• Modulation of innate immunity by SeCoV proteins is a key factor in disease progression.
• Further research into these molecular interactions will inform the development of targeted interventions against swine enteric coronaviruses.