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Bipolar spectrum disorders in neurologic disorders.

Anna Digiovanni1,2, Paola Ajdinaj1,2, Mirella Russo1,2

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Psychiatric symptoms, like those in bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD), often appear before or worsen neurological conditions. This review explores shared biological factors and clinical links between BSD and neurological diseases to improve diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Psychiatric symptoms frequently precede or complicate neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD) symptoms like mood, behavioral, and psychotic alterations are observed in Parkinson's disease and frontotemporal dementia.
  • Significant clinical and biological overlaps exist between BSD and other neurological disorders due to shared pathophysiology or genetic predisposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and biological intersections between BSD and neurological disorders.
  • To highlight shared pathophysiological mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, ion channel dysfunction, neurotransmission imbalance, and neurodegeneration.
  • To guide future diagnostic and therapeutic research by understanding predisposing factors.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and biological underpinnings.
  • Synthesis of information on shared genetic and pathophysiological factors.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous clinical and biological overlaps between BSD and various neurological disorders.
  • Highlighted shared mechanisms such as neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances.
  • Emphasized that functional network dysfunctions can manifest BSD symptoms years before overt neurological disease.

Conclusions:

  • BSD and neurological disorders share significant underlying biological mechanisms and clinical features.
  • Understanding these intersections is crucial for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into shared predisposing factors can lead to novel treatment approaches.