Molecular basis of normal and pathological puberty: from basic mechanisms to clinical implications

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Neuroscience
• Human Physiology

Background:

• Puberty is a critical maturational event influenced by genetics, environment, and internal cues.
• Epidemiological data indicate changes in human pubertal timing, prompting further investigation into underlying mechanisms.
• Neuroendocrine networks governing puberty have been extensively studied, yet precise timing mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of current advances in the physiological basis of puberty.
• To focus on the roles of kisspeptins and other central transmitters in pubertal timing.
• To summarize molecular features of precocious and delayed puberty and highlight future research challenges.

Main Methods:

• Integration of basic and clinical data.
• Review of epidemiological, genetic, and molecular studies.
• Focus on neuroendocrine pathways and metabolic/nutritional influences.

Main Results:

• Advances in understanding the roles of kisspeptins and central transmitters in puberty.
• Elucidation of molecular and endocrine mechanisms controlling pubertal timing.
• Summary of genetic and clinical findings in precocious and delayed puberty.

Conclusions:

• Current research provides an up-to-date view of puberty control and alterations.
• Understanding pubertal timing requires integrating genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors.
• Future research will focus on deciphering unsolved challenges in pubertal endocrinology.