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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Published on: June 16, 2014
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Risk Factors for Incident CKD in Black and White Americans: The REGARDS Study
Katharine L Cheung1, Deidra C Crews2, Mary Cushman3
1Divisions of Nephrology, Larner College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk factors vary by race and region. Albuminuria is a stronger predictor in Black individuals, and living in the US stroke belt is a novel risk factor for CKD.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Limited data exist on chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence and risk factors in current US populations.
- Understanding disparities in CKD risk across different racial, sex, and regional groups is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence of and risk factors for CKD in a contemporary US cohort.
- To examine whether CKD risk factors differ by race, sex, or geographic region within the United States.
Main Methods:
- An observational cohort study involving 4,198 Black and 7,799 White participants aged 45+ years.
- Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was >60mL/min/1.73m²; eGFR was reassessed approximately 9 years later.
- Linear and modified Poisson regression analyses were used to assess associations between risk factors (including albuminuria and stroke belt residence) and eGFR change or incident CKD.
Main Results:
- CKD developed in 9% of participants over a mean follow-up of 9.4 years.
- Living in the US "stroke belt" was independently associated with eGFR decline and incident CKD.
- Albuminuria demonstrated a stronger association with eGFR decline and incident CKD in Black participants compared to White participants.
Conclusions:
- Established CKD risk factors contribute to higher incidence in Black versus White individuals.
- Albuminuria is a more potent risk factor for kidney function decline and CKD in Black individuals.
- Residence in the US stroke belt emerges as a novel risk factor for CKD.
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