Comparison of Rhizospheric and Endophytic Bacterial Compositions between Netted and Oriental Melons

To elucidate the biological mechanism of formation of the netted pattern in melons, the characteristics of the soil bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere and of the endophytic bacteria in the stems of netted melons were analyzed. High-throughput sequencing technology was used for the analysis of plant stem and soil samples collected from netted melons (NM) and oriental melons (OM). At the phylum level, Acidobacteria, Dependentiae, and Chloroflexi were the dominant endophytic bacteria in the stems of NM only. In addition, at the genus level, the soil bacteria enriched in the rhizospheres of NM and OM were different. Five unique dominant bacterial genera, including Gaiella, Actinoplanes, norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae, Devosia, and Bradyrhizobium, were the dominant soil bacteria unique to the rhizosphere of NM. In contrast, Mycobacterium and unclassified_f__Acetobacteraceae were the dominant soil bacteria in the rhizosphere of OM. Moreover, Hyphomicrobium, Nocardioides, norank_f__norank_o__Gaiellales, Bryobacter, unclassified_f__Pseudonocardiaceae, Pseudolabrys, norank_f__Micropepsaceae, Ideonella, Mizugakiibacter, norank_f__Vermiphilaceae, unclassified_f__Xanthobacteraceae, Bacillus, and Pseudaminobacter were the dominant endophytic bacteria in the stems of NM. In contrast, Flavobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, unclassified_f__Burkholderiaceae, Paenibacillus, Bordetella, Hephaestia, and Ideonella were the dominant endophytic bacteria in the stems of OM. The specific substances (enzymes, proteins, endogenous hormones, etc.) secreted by unique rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria, such as Bacillus and Bradyrhizobium, may activate the promoters of genes. Therefore, the expression of genes can be regulated by unique rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria for formation or nonformation of netting in melons. IMPORTANCE The study of the differential structures and functions of rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial communities between netted melon and oriental melon treatments is investigated. Our findings make a significant contribution to the literature because they are the first step in coupling the study of rhizospheric and endophytic microbial community structure to reticulation formation in netted melon. Further, we believe that this research appears to be meaningful because it provides new insights into the mechanisms of reticulation formation in netted melon in modern agricultural production.