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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

504
Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
504
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

2.8K
Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

393
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

404
Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice
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Delayed Microbial Maturation Durably Exacerbates Th17-driven Asthma in Mice.

Adrienne N Wilburn1,2, Jaclyn W McAlees2, David B Haslam3

  • 1Immunology Graduate Program and.

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
|January 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Early-life antibiotic exposure disrupts microbial development, leading to more severe asthma later in life. This increased asthma severity is driven by Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and persists even after gut bacteria recover.

Keywords:
IL-17bronchial hyperreactivitydysbiosisneonate

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 14, 2025

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice
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Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Early-life microbial dysbiosis is linked to increased asthma risk and severity.
  • The immunological mechanisms connecting microbial maturation disruption to asthma are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how delayed microbial maturation impacts asthma development and its long-term effects.
  • To elucidate the immunological pathways involved in antibiotic-induced exacerbation of experimental asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Antibiotics were administered to mice during a critical early-life window (Postnatal Days 10-20).
  • Experimental asthma was induced via house dust mite exposure at different time points relative to antibiotic treatment.
  • Airway hyperresponsiveness, lung histology, cellular immune responses, and gene expression were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Delayed microbial maturation significantly increased allergen-driven airway hyperresponsiveness and T helper 17 (Th17) cell frequency.
  • The negative effects on asthma severity persisted even when allergen exposure occurred after bacterial diversity recovery.
  • Blocking Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness.
  • Synergistic signaling between Interleukin-13 (IL-13) and IL-17A was observed in lung mesenchymal cells.

Conclusions:

  • Disrupting microbial maturation in early life promotes more severe asthma phenotypes, primarily through increased Th17 cell responses.
  • The detrimental effects on asthma are durable and linked to IL-17A activity, particularly its interaction with IL-13 in mesenchymal cells.