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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
19
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
24
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

282
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
282
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

258
Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
258
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

410
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
410

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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Published on: September 6, 2024

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[Pulmonary embolism].

Lukas Hobohm1,2, Karsten Keller3,4,5, Stavros Konstantinides3

  • 1Centrum für Thrombose und Hämostase, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland. lukas.hobohm@unimedizin-mainz.de.

Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)
|January 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) incidence is rising, but mortality is decreasing. Optimized diagnostic strategies, including clinical probability scores and D-dimer testing, help avoid unnecessary computed tomography scans for acute PE diagnosis.

Keywords:
AftercareAnticoagulantsPulmonary embolism/prognosisRisk stratificationThrombolytic therapy

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Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet
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Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common cardiovascular disease with increasing incidence but decreasing mortality.
  • Advances in clinical probability scores and D-dimer testing aid in excluding acute PE, reducing unnecessary computed tomography (CT) scans, even in pregnant women.
  • Right ventricle evaluation is crucial for risk-stratified PE treatment.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current international guideline recommendations for managing pulmonary embolism.
  • It incorporates clinical case examples for practical illustration.
  • A critical discussion of current practices and future directions is provided.

Key Points:

  • Optimized diagnostic pathways reduce the need for computed tomography in suspected pulmonary embolism.
  • Risk-adapted treatment strategies are guided by right ventricle assessment.
  • Treatment options include anticoagulation, reperfusion therapies (thrombolysis, catheter-assisted, or surgical), and diligent aftercare.
  • Early detection of long-term sequelae is essential for comprehensive PE management.

Conclusions:

  • Current guidelines offer a framework for effective pulmonary embolism diagnosis and management.
  • A multidisciplinary approach combining diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and appropriate treatment is key.
  • Long-term follow-up is critical for mitigating the impact of pulmonary embolism.