Actinobacteria as a source of biofertilizer/biocontrol agents for bio-organic agriculture

The global human population keeps growing and natural energy supplies are depleting, creating a threat to environmental demands, food security, and energy supply. As a result, increased agricultural output is required to accomplish the rising population's food demands. A strong reliance on chemical fertilizers to boost food production has harmed the environment and human health, and it is becoming too expensive as well. One of the potential solution to this problem is to use beneficial microorganisms as a substitute for artificial fertilizers in food production. Actinobacteria have been used as the most successful and long-lasting microorganisms throughout evolution. They are thought to be one of the most primordial living forms on our planet. Actinobacteria, particularly Streptomyces, have proved their ability to formulate biofertilizers in the agricultural sector by supplying nutrients to plants for better growth, increasing yield, managing abiotic and biotic stress, and resisting phytopathogen assault. This review describes the mechanism of actinobacterial biofertilizers used in the current agricultural market and their challenges and future importance to sustainable agriculture.