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Decoding anterior-posterior axis emergence among mouse, monkey, and human embryos.

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Distal visceral endoderm (DVE) and anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) arise independently from primary endoderm in mouse embryos. Comparative analysis reveals species-specific differences in early embryonic polarity formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Comparative Genomics

Background:

  • Anterior-posterior axis formation is crucial for early embryonic development, relying on the distal visceral endoderm (DVE) and anterior visceral endoderm (AVE).
  • The precise origins and developmental trajectories of DVE and AVE remain poorly understood, hindering a complete picture of peri-implantation embryogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the independent origins and distinct developmental pathways of DVE and AVE in mouse blastocysts.
  • To compare the presence of DVE and AVE in human and non-human primate embryos to understand interspecies differences in polarity formation.
  • To assess the potential of human blastoids for recapitulating DVE and AVE development.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell transcriptome analysis was employed to profile gene expression patterns.
  • Pseudotime prediction algorithms were utilized to infer developmental trajectories.
  • Comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed across species and between in vivo embryos and in vitro blastoids.

Main Results:

  • DVE and AVE were shown to originate independently from the specialized primary endoderm in mouse blastocysts.
  • Distinct developmental paths with stage-specific transcriptional patterns were identified for DVE and AVE lineages.
  • AVE, but not DVE, was detected in human and non-human primate embryos, highlighting species-specific polarity mechanisms.
  • Human blastoids derived from stem cells lack DVE or AVE precursors, indicating limitations in current models.

Conclusions:

  • The study clarifies the independent origins and distinct fates of DVE and AVE, providing fundamental insights into early mammalian development.
  • Differences in DVE/AVE presence across species suggest divergent strategies for embryonic polarity establishment.
  • Enhancing human blastoid models with DVE/AVE induction potential could improve their capacity for post-implantation development research.