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Illustrating papyrus in Ancient Egypt.
Pierre-Olivier Autran1,2, Catherine Dejoie3, Caroline Dugand4
1European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
Scientific Reports
|January 10, 2023
Summary
Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead papyruses reveal detailed artistic techniques. Analysis shows a three-step process using specific pigment mixes and creative contouring, enhancing our understanding of ancient Egyptian art.
Area of Science:
- Art History
- Materials Science
- Egyptology
Background:
- Illustrated papyruses from Ancient Egypt, particularly scenes from the Book of the Dead, offer insights into ancient Egyptian culture and beliefs.
- These documents were crucial for navigating the afterlife.
Observation:
- A series of illustrated papyruses from Champollion's private collection were analyzed using advanced techniques.
- Methods included optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and fluorescence.
Findings:
- The study identified a standardized three-step artistic process from the New Kingdom period.
- This process involved a red hematite preparatory drawing, coloring with the Egyptian palette, and a final carbon-based black contour.
- Specific pigment mixtures were employed to achieve varied shades, and variations between preliminary drawings and final contours suggest artistic improvisation.
Implications:
- The research enhances the understanding of ancient Egyptian illustrative practices and artistic methodologies.
- It highlights the deliberate choices made by artists in pigment selection and application.
- The findings contribute to the broader knowledge of ancient Egyptian material culture and artistic expression.
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