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Sleep mHealth Applications and Behavior Change Techniques Evaluation.

Brittany D Lancaster1,2, Rachel Sweenie3, Amy E Noser3

  • 1Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO.

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Summary

Mobile health apps show promise for improving sleep management skills. This review evaluated 56 apps, finding variable content and quality, but many included beneficial behavior change techniques (BCTs).

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep science and digital health interventions.

Background:

  • Mobile health (mHealth) apps are increasingly recommended by providers for sleep self-management.
  • Limited documentation exists on the content and quality of available sleep management apps.

Approach:

  • A systematic search identified 56 sleep management apps from the Apple App and Google Play stores.
  • App content was analyzed using the taxonomy of behavior change techniques (BCTs).
  • App quality was assessed using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS).

Key Points:

  • Sleep management apps incorporated a mean of 6.89 BCTs (range 0-15) and 4.87 sleep-specific BCTs (range 0-9).
  • App quality scores ranged from 2.51 to 4.80 (mean 3.78) out of 5.00.
  • Sleepiest Sleep Sounds Stories, ShutEye: Sleep Tracker, and Mintal Tracker: Sleep Recorder demonstrated high BCT counts and quality.

Conclusions:

  • The content and quality of sleep management apps are variable but show promising potential.
  • Further randomized controlled trials are needed to establish definitive efficacy.
  • This systematic review provides interim guidance for selecting sleep management apps.