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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The...
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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared
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A multicomponent gas wavelength selection method based on an absorbance mathematical model.

Honglian Li1, Xiangyu Yan1, Yuhang Yao1

  • 1School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China. lihonglian@hbu.edu.cn.

Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications
|January 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method efficiently identifies optimal wavelengths for measuring multiple gases. This technique, using supercontinuum laser absorption spectroscopy, accurately quantifies gas mixtures like CO2, CH4, and C2H2.

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Gas Sensing

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of multicomponent gas mixtures is crucial for environmental monitoring and industrial processes.
  • Traditional methods for selecting optimal wavelengths can be time-consuming and may not yield the best results for complex gas mixtures.
  • Developing efficient methods for wavelength selection is essential for improving the accuracy and speed of gas analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel method for selecting optimal wavelengths for multicomponent gas absorption spectra.
  • To establish a mathematical model for multicomponent gas absorbance and analyze wavelength selection conditions.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method using a mixture of CO2, CH4, and C2H2.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mathematical model for multicomponent gas absorbance.
  • Geometric analysis of optimal wavelength selection conditions.
  • Application of supercontinuum laser absorption spectroscopy (SCLAS) for gas mixture analysis.
  • Quantification of experimental results using partial least squares (PLS) and least squares (LS) models.

Main Results:

  • The optimal measurement spectra for a CO2, CH4, and C2H2 gas mixture were determined.
  • The PLS model demonstrated superior prediction performance compared to the LS model.
  • The PLS model achieved a root mean square error (RMSE) below 0.1991 for CO2 and 0.0163 for CH4, with a determination coefficient (R^2) above 0.9.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed optimal wavelength selection method effectively identifies optimal measurement spectral lines for multicomponent gases.
  • SCLAS combined with PLS modeling provides an accurate and reliable approach for quantifying gas mixtures.
  • This method offers a significant advancement in the rapid and accurate determination of gas concentrations.