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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

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EWF: simulating exact paths of the Wright-Fisher diffusion.

Jaromir Sant1, Paul A Jenkins1,2,3, Jere Koskela1

  • 1Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed EWF, an efficient sampler for the Wright-Fisher diffusion process, crucial for modeling allele frequency evolution. EWF provides exact simulations for population genetics, including complex selection models.

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Area of Science:

  • Population Genetics
  • Computational Biology
  • Evolutionary Dynamics

Background:

  • The Wright-Fisher diffusion is fundamental for modeling allele frequency changes over time.
  • Simulating Wright-Fisher diffusion paths is computationally challenging due to the complex transition density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present EWF, a novel, robust, and efficient sampler for the Wright-Fisher diffusion and diffusion bridge processes.
  • To enable exact simulations under various evolutionary models, including frequency-dependent selection.

Main Methods:

  • Developed EWF, a sampler that generates exact draws from the Wright-Fisher diffusion process.
  • Implemented EWF to handle general selection models, mutation, and genetic drift.

Main Results:

  • EWF successfully returns exact samples at specified times for given selection, mutation, and endpoint configurations.
  • Validation using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and QQ plots confirmed the accuracy of EWF's output compared to transition density approximations.

Conclusions:

  • EWF offers a significant advancement in simulating population genetic models.
  • The software is publicly available, facilitating broader application in evolutionary studies.