Advances in the Chemical Stabilization of MXenes

MXenes are 2D nanomaterials with a wide array of possible compositions; they feature a unique combination of properties such as high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and colloidal stability which makes them attractive for a variety of applications. However, the shelf life and industrial utility of MXenes face challenges due to their tendency to oxidize and disintegrate, particularly in dispersions. Thus, it is crucial to find effective ways to ensure the degradation stability of MXenes. This feature article reviews the key factors affecting the degradation of MXenes such as pH, concentration of the dispersion, humidity, and storage temperature. In addition, we review our group's progress in mitigating the degradation of MXenes such as low-temperature storage, the use of antioxidants, and thermal annealing, particularly for Ti₃C₂T. These simple approaches may allow for applications of MXenes on a commercial scale.