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Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

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Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

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Extragenital Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Louisiana Parish Health Units, 2016-2019.

Mohammad M Rahman, Chaquetta Johnson¹, Stephanie N Taylor

¹Office of Public Health, Louisiana Department of Health.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

|January 11, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extragenital testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea is crucial, as urogenital-only screening misses many infections, particularly in men who have sex with men (MSM). This study highlights higher extragenital infection rates in MSM compared to women and men who have sex with women (MSW).

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology

Background:

Current CDC guidelines recommend annual extragenital chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (NG) testing for men who have sex with men (MSM).
National recommendations for extragenital screening are lacking for women and heterosexual men.
This study evaluated extragenital CT/NG screening practices in Louisiana's Parish Health Units (PHUs).

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the prevalence and impact of extragenital chlamydia and gonorrhea screening among men and women in Louisiana.
To determine the proportion of infections that would be missed by relying solely on urogenital screening.

Main Methods:

Extragenital screening for CT/NG was piloted in 4 PHUs in February 2016 and expanded to 11 PHUs by 2017.
Sexual history was used to identify sex partners' gender and exposed anatomical sites.
Up to two anatomical sites were tested per patient due to billing limitations.

Main Results:

From February 2016 to June 2019, 70,895 specimens were collected from 56,086 patients.
Positivity rates for pharyngeal and rectal CT/NG were significantly higher in MSM compared to women and men who have sex with women (MSW).
Urogenital-only screening would have missed a substantial number of CT/NG infections across all groups, especially in MSM (up to 42.1%).

Conclusions:

Extragenital screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea is essential for comprehensive STD detection.
A significant number of CT/NG infections would be missed if screening were limited to urogenital sites.
Men who have sex with men exhibit substantially higher rates of extragenital CT/NG infections compared to women and MSW.