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DSD/intersex: historical context and current perspectives.

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Summary
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This review covers the historical evolution of managing differences of sex development (DSDs). It highlights past issues like non-disclosure and surgery, and discusses current consensus and controversies in DSD care.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical history
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Intersex conditions, or differences of sex development (DSDs), have a long history.
  • Past management (1960s-70s) focused on normalizing genitalia, often without patient disclosure, leading to stigma and quality of life issues.
  • Subsequent approaches have aimed to mitigate these negative consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Management of DSDs has evolved significantly over time.
  • While consensus exists on some aspects of care, controversies regarding interventions like early surgery persist.
  • Further discussion is needed to optimize patient outcomes and quality of life.