The continuing use of the SPICES model in 'SAVOURING' curriculum development

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Curriculum Development
• Healthcare Professional Training

Background:

• The SPICES model, introduced in 1984, offers a framework to enhance traditional curricula by incorporating specific educational strategies.
• These strategies address perceived shortcomings in conventional teaching, aiming to meet the evolving needs of healthcare professionals.
• The model comprises Student-centred learning, a Problem-based approach, Integrated learning, Community-based education, Elective elements, and a Systematic approach.

Purpose of the Study:

• To revise the core principles of the SPICES model.
• To examine its continued international application and effectiveness in curriculum design and development.
• To assess its utility in curriculum auditing and revision across various healthcare disciplines.

Main Methods:

• Review of the original SPICES model principles.
• Analysis of international case studies and reports on its implementation.
• Examination of its presence in medical education literature, textbooks, and conferences.
• Consideration of alternative and modified approaches.

Main Results:

• The SPICES model has achieved significant international recognition over nearly 40 years.
• Its principles are widely cited, included in standard medical education texts, and form part of postgraduate courses.
• Evidence of its use spans curriculum design, delivery, auditing, and reform in diverse healthcare fields.
• The model's adaptability is highlighted by its application in individual course design and other healthcare disciplines.

Conclusions:

• The SPICES model continues to be a relevant and valuable framework for curriculum development in healthcare education.
• Its comprehensive approach effectively addresses contemporary educational needs and facilitates curriculum reform.
• The model's enduring usefulness is supported by extensive international evidence and its integration into various educational programs and assessments.