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Trends, patterns, and factors associated with HIV infection among males diagnosed with syphilis, 2014-2019, Hawaii

Fenfang Li1, Timothy J McCormick2, Alan R Katz3

  • 1Communicable Disease and Public Health Nursing Division, 11147Hawaii State Department of Health, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

International Journal of STD & AIDS
|January 11, 2023
PubMed

Insights

In Hawaii, over a quarter of men with syphilis also had HIV. Higher rates of co-infection were observed in older men, men who have sex with men, and those with repeat syphilis diagnoses.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Syphilis and HIV are significant public health concerns, particularly among men.
  • Understanding the co-occurrence of these infections is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of HIV infection among males diagnosed with syphilis in Hawaii.
  • To identify demographic and behavioral risk factors associated with HIV infection in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Crossmatched Hawaii's Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) registry with the HIV surveillance registry (2014-2020).
  • Utilized CDC's Registry Plus Link Plus software for data linkage and validation.
  • Employed logistic regression to analyze factors associated with co-infection.

Main Results:

  • 27.1% of 947 male syphilis cases were co-infected with HIV.
  • Higher dual infection rates observed in older individuals (≥45 years), men who have sex with men (MSM), and those with recurrent syphilis events.
  • Achieved 95.7% overall agreement in HIV status between registries.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of male syphilis cases in Hawaii are co-infected with HIV.
  • Older age, MSM status, and repeated syphilis diagnoses are associated with higher HIV prevalence.
  • Registry crossmatching enhances data quality and identifies individuals needing HIV care linkage or re-engagement.
Abstract

Keywords:
HIVepidemiologymensexual behaviorsyphilis

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