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Why weight? Analytic approaches for large-scale population neuroscience data.

Arianna M Gard1, Luke W Hyde2, Steven G Heeringa3

  • 1Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
|January 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Population neuroimaging studies using complex sampling require careful analysis. Design-based methods better capture socioeconomic influences on brain development than traditional models, ensuring more accurate research findings.

Keywords:
ABCD Study®GeneralizabilityPopulation neuroscienceconvenience samplingprobability sampling

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Population-based neuroimaging studies offer broad generalizability.
  • Complex sampling designs present analytical challenges.
  • Understanding these challenges is crucial for accurate interpretation of neuroimaging data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a resource for researchers using population-based neuroimaging data.
  • To compare traditional model-based analyses with survey-oriented design-based analyses.
  • To highlight the impact of sampling and analysis choices on findings related to brain development.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraged data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N=11,878).
  • Compared sociodemographic characteristics of the sample to the target population.
  • Evaluated associations between socioeconomic resources and brain metrics using both model-based and design-based approaches.

Main Results:

  • Identified modest sociodemographic discrepancies between the ABCD sample and the U.S. target population.
  • Model-based analyses demonstrated bias, overestimating income-brain associations and underestimating education-brain associations.
  • Design-based analyses are recommended for more accurate assessment of socioeconomic influences on brain development.

Conclusions:

  • Survey-oriented design-based analyses are essential for accurately studying socioeconomic factors in population neuroimaging.
  • Researchers must consider sampling biases and choose appropriate analytical methods.
  • Recommendations are provided for users of the ABCD Study and similar cohorts.