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Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

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Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
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The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Polysaccharides from Spirulina platensis: Extraction methods, structural features and bioactivities diversity.

Xiaopeng Ai1, Peiling Yu2, Xiangyu Li3

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, PR China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|January 12, 2023
PubMed
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Spirulina platensis polysaccharides (SPPs) show significant health benefits, including anti-cancer and antioxidant properties. This review details their extraction, structure, and diverse biological activities for pharmaceutical and food applications.

Keywords:
BioactivitiesExtractionPolysaccharidesSpirulina platensisStructural featuresToxicities

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Area of Science:

  • Phycology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Spirulina platensis is a blue-green microalga used as a food supplement.
  • Spirulina platensis polysaccharides (SPPs) are bioactive compounds with diverse health benefits.
  • SPPs exhibit anti-cancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and other activities in vitro and in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review extraction, purification, and structural features of SPPs.
  • To summarize the biological activities and mechanisms of SPPs.
  • To discuss the structure-activity relationship and future research directions for SPPs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on SPPs.
  • Analysis of extraction and purification techniques.
  • Compilation of data on biological activities and mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • SPPs possess a wide range of pharmacological activities.
  • Extraction and purification methods influence SPP structure and activity.
  • Structure-activity relationships are crucial for understanding SPP efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • SPPs hold significant potential for pharmaceutical and functional food applications.
  • Further research on structural characterization and pharmacological activities is warranted.
  • SPPs represent a promising area for novel therapeutic and health-promoting agents.