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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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[ADHD medication to improve academic performance?]

Marieke J E van den Berk-Bulsink1,2, Marina Bakker1, Michelle van der Horst3

  • 1Instituut Verantwoord Medicijngebruik, Utrecht.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
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Many students misuse Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) medication, like methylphenidate, for study focus. However, evidence does not support improved academic performance or safety, deeming non-medical use unjustified.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Student populations show significant non-medical use of prescription ADHD medications.
  • Methylphenidate is frequently cited for cognitive enhancement, particularly for study-related concentration.
  • Medications are often obtained from peers or family members with legitimate prescriptions.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the prevalence and motivations behind the non-medical use of ADHD medication among students.
  • To evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the cognitive and academic effects of ADHD medication in individuals without ADHD.
  • To assess the safety implications of non-medical ADHD medication use.

Summary:

  • Prevalence data indicates approximately 1 in 20 students engaged in non-medical ADHD medication use in the past year.
  • While some studies suggest minor cognitive benefits (e.g., attention) in non-ADHD individuals, these effects are small and not generalizable to real-world settings.
  • Non-medical use has not been linked to improved academic outcomes and carries unknown safety risks.

Impact:

  • The findings challenge the perceived benefits of non-medical ADHD medication use for academic enhancement.
  • Highlights the need for further research into the safety and efficacy of stimulant medication in non-clinical populations.
  • Underscores that current evidence does not justify the non-medical use of ADHD medications due to limited benefits and potential risks.