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Related Concept Videos

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Generation of Human Neurons and Oligodendrocytes from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions
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Modeling neuro-immune interactions using human pluripotent stem cells.

Alan Garcia-Epelboim1, Kimberly M Christian2

  • 1Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|January 12, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human pluripotent stem cells can model brain development and neuroimmune interactions. New methods allow generating brain organoids with integrated human microglia-like cells for studying brain immunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Human pluripotent stem cells differentiate into central nervous system cell types.
  • Self-organization of these cells forms 3D brain organoids.
  • Microglia, the brain's immune cells, originate from a different lineage than neural cells, complicating neuroimmune modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address challenges in modeling neuroimmune interactions using human pluripotent stem cells.
  • To develop culture methods for physiologically relevant brain models with integrated microglia.
  • To enable the study of microglia-neuron interactions in development, injury, and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Differentiating human pluripotent stem cells into neural cell types.
  • Inducing self-organization into 3D brain organoids.
  • Generating and integrating human microglia-like cells into neural organoids.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated strategies for generating neural organoids with integrated microglia.
  • Established methods to ensure microglia identity influenced by lineage and environment.
  • Developed culture techniques promoting diverse cell type integration and survival.

Conclusions:

  • Recent strategies enable the generation of neural organoids with integrated microglia.
  • These models offer new opportunities to study microglia-neuron interactions.
  • Advancements facilitate research into brain immunity, development, and disease pathogenesis.