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Association between multimorbidity with cognitive dysfunction in a Peruvian population.

J Carrasco-Zavala1, J A Díaz-Rg1, A Bernabe-Ortiz2

  • 1School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|January 12, 2023
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Summary

Multimorbidity from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Hypertension (HT) is linked to cognitive dysfunction (CD) in adults over 50. Higher education levels strengthen this association, highlighting a critical public health concern.

Keywords:
Cognitive dysfunctionDiabetes mellitusDiabetes mellitus type 2HypertensionMultimorbidity

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Multimorbidity, particularly from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Hypertension (HT), is a known risk factor for cognitive dysfunction (CD).
  • The association between T2DM, HT, and CD remains understudied in low and middle-income countries, where the impact may be more pronounced.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between multimorbidity (T2DM and HT) and cognitive dysfunction (CD) in adults aged 50 and above in Tumbes.
  • To explore the role of education as a potential modifier in this association.

Main Methods:

  • A secondary analysis of a population-based cross-sectional study was performed.
  • Cognitive dysfunction was assessed using the Leganes Cognitive Test (score ≤26).
  • Generalized linear models were used to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Main Results:

  • A significant association was observed between multimorbidity (T2DM and HT) and cognitive dysfunction (PR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.04-1.97).
  • The prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was 39.1% among the 688 participants.
  • Multimorbidity showed a stronger association with cognitive dysfunction in individuals with ≥7 years of education (PR = 2.56, 95%CI 1.55-4.21).

Conclusions:

  • An association exists between multimorbidity (T2DM and HT) and cognitive dysfunction in adults aged 50 and over in Tumbes.
  • Educational attainment significantly modifies the relationship between T2DM, HT, and cognitive dysfunction.