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Quantitative morphometric changes in vascular mild cognitive impairment patients: early diagnosis of dementia

Jitian Guan1, Qiuyu Li1, Zhuozhi Dai1

  • 1Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|January 12, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Vascular mild cognitive impairment (VMCI) shows distinct brain changes. Periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PWMH) cause significant gray matter loss, unlike strategic single infarctions (SSI), indicating different prognoses for VMCI.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Vascular mild cognitive impairment (VMCI) is an early, reversible dementia stage.
  • Regional gray matter volume differences can predict VMCI development and prognosis.
  • Common VMCI types include periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PWMH) and strategic single infarctions (SSI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and compare the morphological characteristics of VMCI subtypes using voxel-based morphometry.
  • To investigate gray matter volume differences in PWMH and SSI patients compared to healthy controls.
  • To explore the relationship between gray matter atrophy patterns and VMCI progression, particularly the link to Alzheimer's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) applied to whole-brain MRI scans.
  • Neuropsychological testing to assess cognitive function.
  • Comparison of gray matter volumes between PWMH patients (n=14), SSI patients (n=10), and healthy controls (n=16).

Main Results:

  • Significant gray matter atrophy in bilateral temporal and frontal lobes observed in the PWMH group.
  • Specific atrophy volumes: left temporal lobe (4,086 voxels), right temporal lobe (4,154 voxels), left frontal lobe (1,718 voxels), right frontal lobe (1,141 voxels) (P≤0.001).
  • PWMH-associated atrophy patterns more closely resemble Alzheimer's disease than SSI patterns.

Conclusions:

  • PWMH and SSI exhibit distinct morphological characteristics, correlating with different VMCI prognoses.
  • PWMH-related gray matter atrophy suggests a higher susceptibility to dementia progression, potentially towards Alzheimer's disease.
  • Understanding these differences aids in predicting VMCI outcomes and guiding clinical management.
Keywords:
atrophymagnetic resonance imagingtemporal lobevascular mild cognitive impairmentvoxel-based morphometry

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