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Magnetic-Field-Confined Laser Induced Kohl Plasma: Elemental Analysis and Plasma Characterization
Saba Mushtaq1, Khurram Siraj1, Muhammad Shahzad Abdul Rahim1
1Laser and Optronics Centre, Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Applied Spectroscopy
|January 12, 2023
Summary
A transverse magnetic field (B) was applied to laser-induced kohl plasma. While most emission lines decreased, electron temperature and density increased, indicating magnetic confinement effects. Kohl contains harmful lead and chromium levels.
Area of Science:
- Plasma physics
- Spectroscopy
- Materials analysis
Background:
- Kohl, a traditional eye cosmetic, is analyzed for elemental composition and plasma properties.
- Understanding kohl plasma behavior under external fields is crucial for safety and quality assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of a transverse magnetic field on laser-induced kohl plasma.
- To quantify elemental composition in kohl using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
- To assess the health risks associated with detected elements in kohl.
Main Methods:
- Production of kohl plasma using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser.
- Application of a 0.8 T transverse magnetic field during plasma generation.
- Analysis of plasma emissions using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
- Quantitative elemental analysis using calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS).
Main Results:
- Most emission line intensities decreased in the magnetic field, but electron temperature, electron number density, and plasma frequency increased.
- Magnetic confinement effects were confirmed by thermal beta (βt) values less than one.
- Elements detected include Pb, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cr, and Zn.
- Lead (Pb) content ranged from 15-74% and chromium (Cr) was 3%, exceeding permissible limits.
Conclusions:
- The transverse magnetic field influences kohl plasma properties, enhancing electron temperature and density.
- The presence of high concentrations of lead and chromium in kohl poses significant health risks.
- CF-LIBS is effective for quantitative elemental analysis of kohl, revealing hazardous levels of toxic elements.
Keywords:
CF-LIBSLIBSLaser-induced breakdown spectroscopycalibration-free LIBSkohl plasmamagnetic confinementplasma parameterstoxic elementsMore Related Videos
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