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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
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Location, Location, Location: Accelerometer Placement Affects Steps-Based Physical Activity Outcomes During Pregnancy

Mallory R Marshall1, Alexander H K Montoye1, Michelle R Conway1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama (MRM); Department of Integrative Physiology and Health Science, Alma College, Alma, Michigan (AHKM); Department of Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, Colorado (MRC); Department of Health Science, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan (RAS); Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (KAP, JMP).

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine
|January 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

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Wrist accelerometers overestimate physical activity (PA) during pregnancy, counting more steps and faster cadence but less moderate-to-vigorous activity compared to hip or ankle placements. Use wrist-based PA measurements cautiously in pregnant individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Physical activity (PA) measurement validity can be affected by physiological changes during pregnancy.
  • Accurate PA monitoring is crucial for maternal and fetal health during pregnancy.
  • Wearable accelerometers are commonly used to measure PA, but placement may influence accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the validity of accelerometer placement (hip, ankle, wrist) for measuring physical activity during pregnancy.
  • To compare step counts, cadence, and intensity classification across different accelerometer placements.
  • To determine the optimal accelerometer placement for accurate PA assessment in pregnant women.

Main Methods:

  • 11 pregnant women participated, wearing accelerometers on the hip, ankle, and wrist.
Keywords:
cadenceleisure time physical activitymaternalmoder-ate- to vigorous-intensity activitysteps

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  • Data were collected during the second and third trimesters and postpartum.
  • Stepping cadence and PA intensity were calculated and analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.

    • Main Results:

    • Wrist accelerometers significantly overestimated daily steps and cadence compared to hip and ankle placements.
    • Moderate-to-vigorous PA was underestimated at the wrist compared to hip and ankle.
    • Agreement in intensity classification was poor for wrist placements, suggesting unreliable data.

    Conclusions:

    • Wrist accelerometer placement during pregnancy likely leads to overcounting of PA parameters.
    • Hip or ankle placements may provide more valid PA measurements in pregnant populations.
    • Further research is needed to refine PA measurement techniques for pregnant women.