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Omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive function.

Francine K Welty¹

¹Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Current Opinion in Lipidology

|January 13, 2023

Summary

Omega-3 fatty acids may help prevent cognitive decline and dementia. Supplementation, particularly with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), shows promise for mild impairment and healthy aging.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Nutritional Science

Background:

Cognitive decline and dementia are significant public health concerns.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are investigated for their neuroprotective potential.

Approach:

Review of prospective studies and meta-analyses on n-3 PUFA intake and cognitive health.
Analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation.

Key Points:

n-3 PUFA intake linked to reduced risk of mild cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.
DHA supplementation beneficial for mild cognitive impairment; mixed results in Alzheimer's disease.
EPA and DHA slowed cognitive aging in healthy individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Conclusions:

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n-3 PUFA supplementation may benefit individuals with early memory complaints, dementia history, or CAD.
ApolipoproteinE4 carriers might benefit from DHA before cognitive decline onset.
Further research needed to clarify optimal n-3 PUFA dosage and target populations.