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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Baclofen for alcohol use disorder.

Roberta Agabio1, Rosella Saulle2, Susanne Rösner3

  • 1Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|January 13, 2023
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Summary

Baclofen likely reduces relapse risk and increases abstinent days for alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients, particularly those detoxified. It does not increase adverse events or dropouts, suggesting potential for maintaining abstinence.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread psychiatric disorder with significant global prevalence, especially in Europe and North America.
  • Pharmacotherapy is a crucial component of AUD treatment.
  • This review is an update of a 2018 Cochrane Review on baclofen for AUD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the benefits and harms of baclofen in treating AUD.
  • To assess baclofen's efficacy in achieving and maintaining abstinence or reducing alcohol consumption.
  • Comparisons were made against placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacological treatments.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with at least four weeks of treatment and 12 weeks of overall study duration.
  • Searches were conducted using standard Cochrane methods, with the latest search on November 22, 2021.
  • Primary outcomes included relapse, frequency/amount of use, adverse events, and dropouts. Secondary outcomes included craving, anxiety, and depression.

Main Results:

  • Baclofen likely decreases the risk of relapse (moderate-certainty evidence) and increases the percentage of days abstinent (high-certainty evidence), particularly in detoxified participants.
  • No significant differences were found in heavy drinking days, drinks per drinking day, or overall adverse events compared to placebo.
  • Baclofen was associated with increased fatigue, dizziness, and somnolence; comparisons with acamprosate and naltrexone were based on limited data.

Conclusions:

  • Baclofen appears to aid in maintaining abstinence from alcohol, evidenced by reduced relapse risk and increased abstinence days.
  • The drug does not increase adverse events or treatment dropouts.
  • Further research is needed for comparisons with other AUD medications like acamprosate and naltrexone due to limited evidence.